El no tener antecedentes penales es un requisito indispensable para multitud de trámites, como por ejemplo solicitar ayudas sociales, tramitar residencias, acceder a empleos públicos… Es por ello, que vemos importante explicar en qué consiste los antecedentes penales, puesto que hay muchas personas que confunden los antecedentes penales con los antecedentes policiales y, pese a que ambos son importantes, son los antecedentes penales los que implican más restricciones para muchos trámites de extranjería.
¿QUÉ SON LOS ANTECEDENTES PENALES? ¿EN QUÉ SE DIFERENCIAN DE LOS ANTECEDENTES POLICIALES?
Los antecedentes penales consisten en una serie de datos recogidos por el Ministerio de Justicia en su Registro Central de Penados y Rebeldes que dan constancia oficial de que una persona ha sido condenada en firme por la comisión de un delito.
Por otro lado, los antecedentes policiales son los datos referentes a un sujeto que ha sido investigado o detenido y, por ello, consta en las bases de datos de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado.
La principal diferencia entre ambos antecedentes estriba en que los antecedentes penales requieren de la comisión de un delito y de una sentencia inculpatoria en firme, mientras que los policiales no, basta con haber estado detenido, identificado o investigado por la policía para tener antecedentes policiales.
¿CÓMO PUEDEN AFECTAR LOS ANTECEDENTES PENALES A LA CONCESIÓN O RENOVACIÓN DE MI PERMISO DE RESIDENCIA?
La solicitud de renovación de permiso de residencia puede ser denegada por la existencia de antecedentes penales, ya que carecer de antecedentes penales es un requisito imprescindible para obtener la residencia en España o la renovación de la misma.
La denegación de un permiso de residencia por tener antecedentes penales cancelables, es decir, que ya hayan caducado, pero que no se hayan borrado, es susceptible de recurso en vía administrativa y posteriormente en vía contencioso-administrativa, pero son procedimientos lentos y costosos que se pueden evitar con la tramitación de la cancelación de antecedentes penales y policiales previa a la solicitud de concesión o renovación de residencia.
Cabe destacar la reciente sentencia del Tribunal de justicia Europeo, donde se estima que la denegación de tarjeta de residencia comunitaria por la constancia de antecedentes penales, no podrá ser válida si estos antecedentes no son considerados de cierto tipo.
Para saber si con los antecedentes que tienes podrás o no renovar o solicitar tu residencia, te animamos a que acudas a nuestro despacho, donde te asesoraremos detalladamente.
¿CÓMO PUEDO SABER SI ME CONSTAN ANTECEDENTES PENALES O POLICIALES?
Para conocer si tienes antecedentes penales tienes que solicitar un certificado de antecedentes penales, a través del modelo 790. Puedes hacer la solicitud presencialmente o mediante certificado electrónico oficial.
Para saber si tienes antecedentes policiales, debes solicitar una consulta al fichero INTPOL, gestionado por la Guardia Civil, o PERPOL, usado por la Policía Nacional y demás cuerpos de policía. En caso de que no recibas respuesta en el plazo de un mes o de que obtengas una negativa, debes interponer un recurso ante la Agencia General de Protección de Datos.
O puedes acudir a nuestro despacho en L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. En A.Ramírez y Asociados te ayudaremos a realizar este trámite.
¿CUÁNDO PUEDO SOLICITAR EL BORRADO DE MIS ANTECEDENTES PENALES?
El plazo para cancelar los antecedentes penales depende del delito cometido. A continuación, te explicamos los plazos según la pena impuesta:
- Seis meses para las penas leves.
- Dos años para las penas que no excedan de doce meses y las impuestas por delitos imprudentes.
- Tres años para las restantes penas menos graves inferiores a tres años.
- Cinco años para las restantes penas menos graves iguales o superiores a tres años.
- Diez años para las penas graves.
Este plazo empieza a contara partirdel día siguiente a la extinción integra de la pena impuesta.
Además, durante el transcurso de los plazos el interesado no tiene que haber vuelto a delinquir, puesto que el cómputo de estos plazos se interrumpirá por la comisión de nuevos delitos durante su transcurso.
Cumpliendo todos estos requisitos, los datos tendrías que ser eliminados de oficio de la base de datos del Registro de Rebeldes y Penados, pero en la práctica no es así, es el interesado el que ha de solicitar su cancelación, es por eso que te aconsejamos acudir a nuestro despacho a cancelar los antecedentes penales y policiales.
¿QUÉ TRÁMITES DEBO REALIZAR PARA CANCELAR LOS ANTECEDENTES PENALES?
Se ha de presentar una solicitud, junto ala misma se han de adjuntar determinados documentos para acreditar el cumplimiento de la pena, como el certificado de cumplimiento de la pena expedido por el Juzgado que dictó la sentencia condenatoria.
El escrito se presenta ante Ministerio de Justicia, a través de la Delegación existente en la capital de provincia del interesado.
El plazo estimado de tramitación es de 3 meses, sin perjuicio de las comprobaciones que realice dicho organismo con relación al cumplimiento de los requisitos.
Una vez concedida la cancelación de los antecedentes penales, la resolución será notificada por correo ordinario en el domicilio del interesado.
En nuestro despacho de Abogados A.Ramírez y Asociados, estaremos encantados de ayudarte, contacta vía correo: asesorramirezbcn@gmail.com o vía Whatsapp: 644.013.788
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